Correction & Retraction Policy

Maintaining Accuracy, Transparency, and the Integrity of the Scholarly Record

JURIBMAS is committed to preserving the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the scholarly record. Although editorial review and publication procedures are designed to minimize errors, problems may occasionally be identified after an article has been published.

This policy establishes the procedures for correcting published articles, retracting unreliable work, and issuing expressions of concern when significant questions remain unresolved. Editorial action will be based on the available evidence, the seriousness of the issue, and the need to inform readers transparently.

1. General Principles

JURIBMAS applies the following principles when handling post-publication concerns:

• Accuracy: Published scholarly information should be corrected when a material error is identified.
• Transparency: Editorial actions and their reasons should be communicated clearly to readers.
• Fairness: Authors should be given an appropriate opportunity to respond to concerns, where practicable.
• Evidence-based decisions: Decisions should be based on the available evidence rather than unsupported allegations.
• Timeliness: The journal will seek to assess credible concerns and take appropriate action without unnecessary delay.
• Integrity of the record: Published articles and related notices should remain traceable, including when an article is corrected or retracted.

2. Corrections

A correction may be issued when an error is identified in a published article and the error can be addressed without requiring retraction of the entire work.

Examples may include:

• Incorrect author names, affiliations, or other publication metadata.
• Errors in tables, figures, captions, or descriptions that require clarification.
• Typographical or factual errors that materially affect the interpretation of particular parts of an article.
• Omissions or inaccuracies that can be corrected while preserving the reliability of the main findings.

The editorial team will determine whether a formal correction notice is necessary. The notice should describe the error and the correction made. Where technically possible, the correction notice will be linked to the original article, and the article will be updated transparently without obscuring the publication history.

3. Retractions

Retraction may be considered when the reliability or integrity of a published article is seriously compromised. A retraction is intended to alert readers that the article, or significant parts of it, should not be relied upon as part of the scholarly record.

Possible grounds for retraction include:

• Clear evidence that the findings are unreliable because of data fabrication, data falsification, or a serious methodological or analytical error.
• Substantial plagiarism or unauthorized appropriation of another person's work.
• Duplicate publication that materially compromises the scholarly record.
• Serious manipulation of research data, images, results, or the publication process.
• Unethical research practices that materially affect the validity or legitimacy of the work.
• Other substantiated circumstances that seriously undermine the reliability or integrity of the article.

Retraction is not intended as a punishment for disagreement, an honest difference of scientific interpretation, or a finding that is merely unpopular. The decision should be proportionate to the evidence and consistent with recognized publication ethics guidance.

4. Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when the journal has credible and significant concerns about a published article, but the available evidence is insufficient to reach a final decision or an investigation is still in progress.

This notice informs readers that a matter affecting the article's reliability or integrity is being assessed. Where appropriate, the journal may update the notice when further evidence becomes available and determine whether a correction, retraction, or no further action is warranted.

5. Types of Post-Publication Action

6. Reporting Errors or Ethical Concerns

Authors, readers, reviewers, editors, institutions, and other concerned parties may notify the editorial team of a potential error or ethical issue affecting a published article.

Reports should include, where available:

• The article title, author names, DOI, or publication URL.
• A clear description of the alleged error or concern.
• Relevant page numbers, sections, figures, tables, or data.
• Supporting documentation or verifiable evidence.
• Contact information for follow-up, where appropriate.

Concerns should be submitted through the journal's official contact channels. The journal will handle reports as confidentially as practicable while allowing a fair assessment of the evidence.

7. Editorial Procedure

8. Retraction Notice and Article Availability

A retraction notice should clearly identify the affected article and explain the reason for retraction in sufficient detail to inform readers. The notice should be dated, publicly accessible, and linked to the original article wherever technically possible.

The original article should generally remain accessible with a clear retraction label or watermark, preserving the publication history and preventing readers from mistaking it for an article that remains reliable. Removal of the article's full text should be considered only in exceptional circumstances, such as legal requirements or serious risks to personal safety.

The journal will make reasonable efforts to update relevant article metadata and notify applicable indexing, abstracting, or DOI registration services when required and supported by its systems.

9. Responsibilities of Authors and Editors

Authors should:

• Promptly inform the journal when they discover a material error in their published work.
• Cooperate with reasonable requests for clarification or supporting evidence.
• Provide accurate information and avoid obstructing legitimate investigations.

Editors should:

• Assess concerns impartially and maintain appropriate confidentiality.
• Provide affected authors a reasonable opportunity to respond, where practicable.
• Document significant decisions and communicate the outcome appropriately.
• Take proportionate action to protect readers and the integrity of the scholarly record.

10. Ethical Guidance

This policy is informed by recognized publication ethics principles and guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) provides resources on publication misconduct, corrections, retractions, and maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record.

JURIBMAS is committed to preserving the reliability and integrity of published scholarly work.